Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Insect bites and stings occur when an insect is agitated and seeks to defend itself through its natural defence mechanisms, or when an insect seeks to feed off the bitten person. Some insects inject formic acid, which can cause an immediate skin reaction often resulting in redness and swelling in the injured area. Stings from fire ants, bees, wasp hornets and other such insects are usually painful, and may stimulate a dangerous allergic reaction called anaphylaxis for at-risk patients. Bites from mosquitoes and fleas are more likely to cause itching than pain. Various types of creams, lotions and other products are being developed to combat these problems.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Wounds inflicted on the body due to various mechanisms can lead to cancer. This includes:
- Infection: Worldwide approximately 18% of cancer deaths are related to infectious diseases. Oncovirus include human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and human T-cell leukemia virus-1. Bacterial infection may also increase the risk of cancer, as seen in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma. Parasitic infections associated with cancer include Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
- Radiation: Up to 10% of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation.
- Physical agents: Some substances cause cancer primarily through their physical, rather than chemical, effects. Physical trauma resulting in cancer is relatively rare. It is thought that repeated burns on the same part of the body, such as those produced by kanger and kairo heaters (charcoal hand warmers), may produce skin cancer, especially if carcinogenic chemicals are also present. Frequent consumption of scalding hot tea may produce esophageal cancer.
A biomaterial is any substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose - either a therapeutic or a diagnostic one. They are often used and/or adapted for a medical application, and thus comprises whole or part of a living structure or biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function. Biomaterials are also used every day in dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery. A biomaterial may also be an autograft, allograft or xenograft used as a transplant material.
The process of reconstructing, repairing and concerned with improving the function or appearance of parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons is called plastic surgery.
Aesthetic surgery: Aesthetic surgery is an essential component of plastic surgery and includes facial and body aesthetic surgery.
Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. It is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Plastic surgeons use microsurgery to transfer tissue for coverage of a defect when no local tissue is available. . Free parts of skin, muscle, bone, fat, or a combination may be removed from the body, moved to another site on the body, and reconnected to a blood supply by suturing arteries and veins.
An ulcer is a discontinuity or breaks in a bodily membrane that impedes the organ of which that membrane is a part from continuing its normal functions. The wounds from which ulcers arise can be caused by a wide variety of factors, but the main cause is impaired blood circulation.
Different types of ulcers include:
- Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores
- Genital ulcer, an ulcer located on the genital area
- Ulcerative dermatitis, a skin disorder associated with bacterial growth often initiated by self-trauma
- Anal fissure, a.k.a. an ulcer or tear near the anus or within the rectum
- Diabetic foot ulcer, a major complication of the diabetic foot
- Corneal ulcer, an inflammatory or infective condition of the cornea
- Mouth ulcer, an open sore inside the mouth.
- Aphthous ulcer, a specific type of oral ulcer also known as a canker sore
- Peptic ulcer, a discontinuity of the gastrointestinal mucosa (stomach ulcer)
- Venous ulcer, a wound thought to occur due to improper functioning of valves in the veins
- Stress ulcer, located anywhere within the stomach and proximal duodenum
- Ulcerative sarcoidosis, a cutaneous condition affecting people with sarcoidosis
- Ulcerative lichen planus, a rare variant of lichen planus
- Ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. Some very common problems include pimples and bumps on the skin, contagious skin diseases, colour problems on the skin, dry sweaty skin, itchy skin, rashes on the skin, hair and scalp problems, scaly skin, etc. Research focusses on all these problems to find out the best possible solution for the benefit of human life.
Burns are caused when the cells present in the skin die during exposure to any hot object. The severity of the injury depends on the intensity of the heat and the length of time that it is in contact with either heat or certain chemicals. In addition to local injury at the site of the burn, severe thermal injury over a large area of the skin, roughly 20 % total body surface area, results in acute systemic responses collectively known as burn shock. The initial inflammatory phase brings neutrophils and monocytes to the site of injury via localized vasodilation and fluid extravasation, thereby initiating an immune response that is later sustained by the recruitment of macrophages by chemokines. Mechanisms are being devised to combat this problem through tissue regeneration procedures and modern biotechnology.
A comprehensive understanding of the involved ingredients of tissue engineering (cells, tissue inducing factors, genes, bio-materials) and the subtle relationships between them at molecular level can lead to a successful manipulation of reparative processes and a better biological substitute. Molecular tissue engineering, the offspring of tissue engineering and molecular biology, has gained an increasing importance in recent years. It offers the promise of not simply replacing tissue, but improving their restoration to benefit mankind in the long run. Though still a new concept in the field of Molecular Biology, Molecular Tissue Engineering is a promising field for the near future.
Wounds are the result of injuries to the skin that disrupt the other soft tissue. Healing of a wound is a complex and protracted process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. Wound healing herbal extracts promote blood clotting, fight infection, and accelerate the healing of wounds. Phyto-constituents derived from plants need to be identified and screened for antimicrobial activity for management of wounds. Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature such as herbs, roots, flowers, essential oils, etc.
Essential oils:
Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They play a major role in the healing of wounds in the human body. They are used in antiseptics and liniments in particular. Wound healing by essential oils still has a long way to go before it hits the market globally.
Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities for them to attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority. This is a widely studied branch when it comes to wound and health care.
Wild and domestic animal bites are distinct from other injuries suffered by humans. Tearing, cutting, and crushing injuries may be combined with blunt trauma caused by falls. Animal bites may cause local infection, as bacteria residing in numerous environmental sources as well as inside the mouth of the animal contaminate the area of the injury. Domestic animal bites are common, and their incidence is rising. Wild animal attacks are often more spectacular and inflict a lot of damage on the human body.
Wounds can be inflicted on the body due to various mechanisms. When we fall on the ground, the skin gets scraped. Wounds can be inflicted due to fighting as well. The most common instances include accidents. When a wound is inflicted on our body, the surface of the skin is exposd to microorganisms as well as various environmental factors.
- Diseases caused by microorganisms: A wide range of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoan, algae, viroids, prions may cause disease at the wounded parts. Research is being done to combat these diseases.
- Diseases caused due to environmental factors: Such types of disease can be caused by metals, toxins, noxious gases, organic compounds, halogens, etc. Researchers are welcome to present their findings on this topic.
Tissue engineering along with regenerative medicine can be used to create ‘Scaffolds’ in the human body which are used to support organs and organ systems that may have been damaged due to an injury or disease. Fundamentally, this process involves the in vitro construction of a patch (or a graft). This patch is made from a combination of stem cells and an artificial extracellular matrix (biomaterial). The engineered patch can then be surgically implanted into affected areas of the body that need reconstruction.
Scaffolds must be capable of performing the following functions:
- Allow cell attachment and migration
- Deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors
- Enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients and expressed products
- Exert certain mechanical and biological influences to modify the behaviour of the cell phase